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Economic Rationality
Economics used to be called political economy, and the loss of the “political” tracks the ascendance of the idea of rational choice within the discipline.Where does this idea of economic rationality – choosing to maximize benefits and minimize costs – come from?What are the consequences of its rise? In this new book, Stephen Engelmann assesses these questions through a consideration of the often-hidden links between choice and government, ranging from the Benthamic utilitarianism that inspired modern economics to the contemporary economic psychologists trying to nudge everyone to choose more rationally.Multiple global crises are exposing how deficient economic rationality is as a political theory, since a focus on choice turns actors away from relations in the common.Political economy once targeted aristocratic rule – heralding a politics and ethics of egalitarian self-command and spurring democratic reform – but economics allows domination and forecloses alternatives to it. This accessible volume will be of interest to students and scholars of politics and economics, and to general readers concerned about the various ways that psychology and management have infiltrated our politics.
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Handbook of Rationality
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The Nature of Rationality
Repeatedly and successfully, the celebrated Harvard philosopher Robert Nozick has reached out to a broad audience beyond the confines of his discipline, addressing ethical and social problems that matter to every thoughtful person.Here Nozick continues his search for the connections between philosophy and "ordinary" experience.In the lively and accessible style that his readers have come to expect, he offers a bold theory of rationality, the one characteristic deemed to fix humanity's "specialness." What are principles for? asks Nozick. We could act simply on whim, or maximize our self-interest and recommend that others do the same.As Nozick explores rationality of decision and rationality of belief, he shows how principles actually function in our day-to-day thinking and in our efforts to live peacefully and productively with each other.Throughout, the book combines daring speculations with detailed investigations to portray the nature and status of rationality and the essential role that imagination plays in this singular human aptitude.
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Before Tomorrow : Epigenesis and Rationality
Is contemporary continental philosophy making a break with Kant?The structures of knowledge, taken for granted since Kant?s Critique of Pure Reason, are now being called into question: the finitude of the subject, the phenomenal given, a priori synthesis.Relinquish the transcendental: such is the imperative of postcritical thinking in the 21st century. Questions that we no longer thought it possible to ask now reemerge with renewed vigor: can Kant really maintain the difference between a priori and innate?Can he deduce, rather than impose, the categories, or justify the necessity of nature?Recent research into brain development aggravates these suspicions, which measure transcendental idealism against the thesis of a biological origin for cognitive processes. In her important new book Catherine Malabou lays out Kant?s response to his posterity.True to its subject, the book evolves as an epigenesis ? the differentiated growth of the embryo ? for, as those who know how to read critical philosophy affirm, this is the very life of the transcendental and contains the promise of its transformation.
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Cognitive Unconscious and Human Rationality
Examining the role of implicit, unconscious thinking on reasoning, decision making, problem solving, creativity, and its neurocognitive basis, for a genuinely psychological conception of rationality. This volume contributes to a current debate within the psychology of thought that has wide implications for our ideas about creativity, decision making, and economic behavior.The essays focus on the role of implicit, unconscious thinking in creativity and problem solving, the interaction of intuition and analytic thinking, and the relationship between communicative heuristics and thought.The analyses move beyond the conventional conception of mind informed by extra-psychological theoretical models toward a genuinely psychological conception of rationality-a rationality no longer limited to conscious, explicit thought, but able to exploit the intentional implicit level. The contributors consider a new conception of human rationality that must cope with the uncertainty of the real world; the implications of abandoning the normative model of classic logic and adopting a probabilistic approach instead; the argumentative and linguistic aspects of reasoning; and the role of implicit thought in reasoning, creativity, and its neurological base. ContributorsMaria Bagassi, Linden J. Ball, Jean Baratgin, Aron K. Barbey, Tilmann Betsch, Eric Billaut, Jean-Francois Bonnefon, Pierre Bonnier, Shira Elqayam, Keith Frankish, Gerd Gigerenzer, Ken Gilhooly, Denis Hilton, Anna Lang, Stefanie Lindow, Laura Macchi, Hugo Mercier, Giuseppe Mosconi, Ian R.Newman, Mike Oaksford, David Over, Guy Politzer, Johannes Ritter, Steven A.Sloman, Edward J. N. Stupple, Ron Sun, Nicole H. Therriault, Valerie A. Thompson, Emmanuel Trouche-Raymond, Riccardo Viale
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Resistance and the Practice of Rationality
Resistance used to mean irrational and reactionary behaviour, assuming that rationality resides on the side of progress and its parties.The end of the Cold War allows us to drop ideological and prejudicial analysis.Indeed, we recognise that resistance is a historical constant, and its relation to rationality or irrationality is not predetermined.This volume asks: to what extent are social scientific conceptions of 'resistances' sui generis, or borrowed from natural sciences by metaphor and analogy?To what extent do the social sciences continue to be a 'social tribology' lubricating a process of strategic changes?Fifteen authors explore these questions from the point of view of different disciplines including physics, biology, social psychology, history of science, history of medicine, legal theory, political science, history, police studies, psychotherapy research and art theory.The book offers a unique panorama of concepts of 'resistance' and examines the potential of a general 'resistology' across diverse practices of rationality.
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Rationality and Power : Democracy in Practice
In the Enlightenment tradition, rationality is considered well-defined, independent of context; we know what rationality is, and its meaning is constant across time and space.However, Bent Flyvbjerg argues that rationality is context-dependent and that the crucial context is determined by decision-makers' political power.Flyvbjerg takes us behind the scenes to uncover the real politics - and real rationality - of public administration and planning in an internationally acclaimed project for environmental improvement in the Danish city of Aalborg.The result is a narrative that is both concrete and general, current and timeless.Drawing on the ideas of Machiavelli, Nietzsche, Habermas, and Foucault, Flyvbjerg reads the Aalborg case as a metaphor of modernity and of modern politics.Flyvbjerg shows how power actually distorted policy deliberation over a policy aimed at, among other things, reducing auto traffic in downtown Aalborg.He demonstrates how modern "rationality" can only be an ideal when confronted with the real rationalities involved in decision-making by administrators and policy makers. Flyvbjerg then elaborates on how this problem can be avoided so that fruitful deliberation and action can occur.
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Sociology of Rationality : Critiques and Creative Conversations
This book is a socio-historical analysis of rationalism as a world view – that guides many of our actions in concrete everyday life – and as a philosophy – that guides our epistemological understanding of the reality around us.It explores the multifaceted manifestations of the idea in the Enlightenment philosophy, modern sociological theorising and post-structural standpoints.The volume also critiques rationality from feminist, subaltern and postcolonial perspectives.Finally, it delves into the multi-layered sociological significances of rationalisation of different domains of life.Transdisciplinary in scope and with essays by foremost scholars in the field, this volume will be a major intervention across the humanities and the social sciences.It will be of interest to students and researchers in sociology, anthropology, history, philosophy, gender studies, political science, cultural anthropology, education, and religious studies.
Price: 36.99 £ | Shipping*: 0.00 £
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