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Radicalization in India : An Exploration
Kashmir has been in turmoil for the past three decades or so.The state of dissatisfaction in that part of a free, democratic, secular Indian nation is a rather perplexing development, the question being that how can any well groomed group of citizens, anywhere in the world, want to complain about their political rights in such a free and tolerant environment.The answer is not straightforward. There are many layers of kaleidoscopic events which have marred the Kashmir scene – Kashmir Valley in fact, a small terrestrial part of Kashmir that hosts the majority population - over the past seven decades.It began with Pakistan instigated and aided rapine by co-religionists in the name of consolidation of Pakistan`s religious identity.Kashmir is then sought the safety of the Indian Union.For the next three decades they prospered under more or less self-governance with the Union`s full support.The sense of security and freedom, instead of consolidating democratisation of the society, led to the Union`s callous overlook of Pakistan`s overt and covert instigation of the Kashmiri people with a promise of Islamic way of life and great rewards that would supposedly bring them.The Union`s political apathy and endorsement of massive corruption among its local favourites reinforced the people`s distraction from democratic India. Lastly, over the two decades or so, as the situation slipped from staged protests, sedation, insurgency, terrorism, and now fanatic religious radicalisation of the younger generation, the Union used force to keep Kashmir in control.But it overlooked the more salient follow-up imperative – offering the people a right nationalist narrative and follow it up with good governance.It is unfortunate that as the situation went from bad to worse, barring few, there was very little formal effort to delve into the roots of the problem.This book fills that gap.
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Islamophobia and Radicalization : Breeding Intolerance and Violence
While the themes of radicalization and Islamophobia have been broadly addressed by academia, to date there has been little investigation of the crosspollination between the two.Is Islamophobia a significant catalyst or influence on radicalization and recruitment?How do radicalization and Islamophobia interact, operate, feed one another, and ultimately pull societies toward polar extremes in domestic and foreign policy?The wide-ranging and global contributions collected here explore these questions through perspectives grounded in sociology, political theory, psychology, and religion.The volume provides an urgently needed and timely examination of the root causes of both radicalization and Islamophobia; the cultural construction and consumption of radical and Islamophobic discourses; the local and global contexts that fertilize these extreme stances; and, finally, the everyday Muslim in the shadow of these opposing but equally vociferous forces.
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Becoming Jihadis : Radicalization and Commitment in Southeast Asia
Why does someone join an extremist group? What are the pathways via which individuals join such groups?How does one show commitment to an extremist group? Why does someone participate in acts of terrorism? Drawing on 175 interviews with current and former members of Islamist extremist groups in Indonesia and the Philippines, Becoming Jihadis: Radicalization and Commitment in Southeast Asia answers these questions by exploring the socio-emotional underpinnings of joining an extremist group.This book argues that social ties play a critical role at every juncture in the joining process, from initial engagement to commitment to participation in jihad experiences, paramilitary training, and terrorism.It unpacks the process by which members build a sense of community, connection, solidarity, and brotherhood; how they come to trust and love one another; and how ideology functions as a binding agent, not a cause.Becoming Jihadis draws its conclusions from broad patterns data based on nearly a decade of iterated interviews with current and former members of Islamist extremist groups between 2010 and 2019, as well as partial life histories detailing the journeys of men and women who joined Indonesian and Filipino extremist groups.This book makes a unique contribution to the literature on terrorism and radicalization for students, practitioners, and policymakers.
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Gaming and Extremism : The Radicalization of Digital Playgrounds
Charting the increase in the use of games for the dissemination of extremist propaganda, radicalization, recruitment, and mobilization, this book examines the "gamification of extremism."Editors Linda Schlegel and Rachel Kowert bring together a range of insights from world-leading experts in the field to provide the first comprehensive overview of gaming and extremism.The potential nexus between gaming and extremism has become a key area of concern for researchers, policymakers, and practitioners seeking to prevent and counter radicalization and this book offers insights into key trends and debates, future directions, and potential prevention efforts.This includes the exploration of how games and game adjacent spaces, such as Discord, Twitch, Steam, and DLive, are being leveraged by extremists for the purposes of radicalization, recruitment, and mobilization.Additionally, the book presents the latest counterterrorism techniques, surveys promising preventing/countering violent extremism (P/CVE) measures currently being utilized in the gaming sphere, and examines the ongoing challenges, controversies, and current gaps in knowledge in the field. This text will be of interest to students and scholars of gaming and gaming culture, as well as an essential resource for researchers and practitioners working in prevention and counter-extremism, professionals working at gaming-related tech companies, and policymakers. The Open Access version of this book, available at www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.
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Radicalization to Terrorism : What Everyone Needs to Know®
Terrorism and radicalization came to the forefront of news and politics in the US after the unforgettable attacks of September 11th, 2001.When George W. Bush famously asked "Why do they hate us?," the President echoed the confusion, anger and fear felt by millions of Americans, while also creating a politicized discourse that has come to characterize and obscure discussions of both phenomenon in the media. Since then the American public has lived through a number of domestic attacks and threats, and watched international terrorist attacks from afar on television sets and computer screens.The anxiety and misinformation surrounding terrorism and radicalization are perhaps best detected in questions that have continued to recur in the last decade: "Are terrorists crazy?"; "Is there a profile of individuals likely to become terrorists?"; "Is it possible to prevent radicalization to terrorism?" Fortunately, in the two decades since 9/11, a significant body of research has emerged that can help provide definitive answers.As experts in the psychology of radicalization, Sophia Moskalenko and Clark McCauley propose twelve mechanisms that can move individuals, groups, and mass publics from political indifference to sympathy and support for terrorist violence.Radicalization to Terrorism: What Everyone Needs to Know synthesizes original and existing research to answer the questions raised after each new attack, including those committed by radicalized Americans.It offers a rigorously informed overview of the insight that will enable readers to see beyond the relentless new cycle to understand where terrorism comes from and how best to respond to it.
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Relation-Building and Contained Radicalization in the Gaza Pullout Campaign
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Nazi Policy on the Eastern Front, 1941 : Total War, Genocide, and Radicalization
Essays provide current interpretations of Germany's military, economic, racial, and diplomatic policies in 1941. Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 and events on the Eastern Front that same year were pivotal to the history of World War II.It was during this year that the radicalization of Nazi policy -- through both anall-encompassing approach to warfare and the application of genocidal practices -- became most obvious.Germany's military aggression and overtly ideological conduct, culminating in genocide against Soviet Jewry and the decimation of the Soviet population through planned starvation and brutal antipartisan policies, distinguished Operation Barbarossa-the code name for the German invasion of the Soviet Union-from all previous military campaigns in modern European history. This collection of essays, written by young scholars of seven different nationalities, provides readers with the most current interpretations of Germany's military, economic, racial, and diplomatic policies in 1941.With its breadth and its thematic focus on total war, genocide, and radicalization, this volume fills a considerable gap in English-language literature on Germany's war of annihilation against the Soviet Union and theradicalization of World War II during this critical year. Alex J. Kay is the author of Exploitation, Resettlement, Mass Murder: Political and Economic Planning for German Occupation Policy in the Soviet Union, 1940-1941 and is an independent contractor for the Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Research on War Consequences.Jeff Rutherford is assistant professor of history at Wheeling Jesuit University, where he teaches modern European history.David Stahel is the author of Operation Barbarossa and Germany's Defeat in the East and Kiev 1941: Hitler's Battle for Supremacy in the East.
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